“anTimozoba” – axali saero-saeklesio dResaswauli!

ramodenime dRis win, 2009 wlis 26 ivniss, samcxeSi, adigenis raionis sofel udeSi Catarda wmida anTim iverielis xsenebis dRe – “anTimozoba”. aRsaniSnavia, rom wlevandeli es RonisZieba ukve mexuTea, radgan pirvelad sofel udeSi “anTimozoba” gaimarTa 2005 wlis 26 ivniss. yvela-feri ki ase daiwyo:
am aTiode wlis win, garkveul viTarebaSi, me gavicani saqarTveloSi rumineTis pirveli sagan-gebo da sruluflebiani elCi, batoni konstantine girbea, romelic saqarTvelosa da qarTveli xalxis mimarT yovelTvis gansakuTrebuli siTboTi da gulisxmierebiT gamoirCeoda. maSin me mas SevTavaze sazogadoebrivi organizaciis Camoyalibeba, romelic Cvens qveynebs Soris megobruli urTierTobis gaRrmavebas Seuwyobda xels. marTlac, erToblivi ZalisxmeviT, 2000 wlis april-Si dafuZnda rumineT-saqarTvelos megobrobis sazogadoeba. sazogadoebis dafuZnebaSi monawileo-bdnen qarTuli sazogadoebriobis cnobili warmomadgenlebi, akademikosebi: Tamaz gamyreliZe, ju-mber lominaZe da mariam lorTqifaniZe; profesorebi: revaz miSvelaZe, nika saakaSvili, giorgi comaia, nugzar sixaruliZe, Salva naWyebia, zaza gaCeCilaZe; maSindeli sagareo saqmeTa ministris moadgile, sesili gogiberiZe; mxatvruli filmis “anTimoz iverielis” reJisori da mTavari ro-lis Semsrulebeli, giuli WoxoneliZe; sasuliero akademiis reqtori, meufe abraami; buqarestis universitetis iuridiuli fakultetis studenti, giorgi ruxaZe. rumineTis mxridan dafuZneba-Si monawileobdnen elCi, batoni konstantine girbea da konsuli, batoni marius kostini.
damfuZnebel krebas me, rogorc iniciatorma, SevTavaze axali sazogadoebisaTvis migveniWebina qarTuli warmoSobis didi rumineli saeklesio da saxelmwifo moRvawis, mxatvris, moqandakis, arqiteqtoris, mTargmnelis, poetis, oratoris, filosofosis, mestambis, ruminuli salitera-turo da saeklesio enis reformatoris, marTlmadideblur saqristianoSi gviandeli renesansis fuZemdeblis, rumineTis marTlmadidebluri eklesiis mier wmindanad Seracxuli anTim (anTimoz) iverielis saxeli.
dafuZnebis dRidan sazogadoeba sakmaod aqtiurad Seudga saqmianobas. aRvniSnav mxolod ramo-denime faqts: Cveni iniciativiT da SeTavazebiT 2000 wlis 26-dan 29 seqtembris CaTvliT saqa-rTvelosa da rumineTSi farTod aRiniSna wmida anTim iverielis iubile – dabadebidan 350 wli-sTavi (vinaidan anTim iverielis dabadebis TariRi mxolod savaraudod ganisazRvreba 1650-dan 1660 wlamde intervalSi, sazogadoebam daayena sakiTxi, pirobiTad 1650 weli agveRo dabadebis wlad). saqarTveloSi saiubileo RonisZiebebSi monawileobis misaRebad rumineTidan Camovidnen buqarestis universitetis reqtori, profesori ioan panzaru da akademikosi elene bodea. amave dReebSi, sazogadoebis TaosnobiT, Tbilisis 166-e sajaro skolas sazeimo viTarebaSi mieniWa wm. anTim iverielis saxeli. im dRidan rumineTis saelCom da Cvenma sazogadoebam es skola aiyvana gansakuTrebuli mzrunvelobis qveS. aRsaniSnavia, rom 2002 wlis 25 aprilis miwisZvris dros skolis Senoba Zlier dazianda. sazogadoebis SuamdgomlobiT da elCis, baton k. girbeas Zalis-xmeviT rumineTis mTavrobam 200 000 laris finansuri daxmareba aRmouCina skolas aRdgeniT samuSaoTa Casatareblad. skolas agreTve gadaeca personaluri kompiuterebi da humanitaruli daxmareba. sxvadasxva dros, saqarTveloSi oficialuri vizitis farglebSi, skolas stumrobdnen rumineTis prezidenti, sagareo saqmeTa ministri, saxelmwifo mdivani, rumineTis mweralTa kavSi-ris Tavmjdomare, rumineTis princi, parlamentis wevrebi da sxva sapatio stumrebi.
sazogadoeba aqtiurad monawileobda umaRlesi donis samTavrobo vizitebis momzadebasa da Ca-tarebaSi. 2001 wels, saqarTvelos prezidentis rumineTSi vizitis dros me, rogorc sazogadoe-bis Tavmjdomare, CarTuli viyavi delegaciis SemadgenlobaSi; xolo 2002 wels, rumineTis pre-zidentis saqarTveloSi vizitis dros, erT-erT oficialur RonisZiebaze sityviT gamosvlisas davayene sakiTxi wm. anTim iverielis saxelobis erToblivi qarTul-ruminuli ordenisa da pre-miis dafuZnebis Sesaxeb. erTsulovani mowonebis miuxedavad, qarTuli mxaris pasiurobis gamo, am ideas maSin Sedegi ar moyolia. 2004 wels, rumineTSi prezident mixeil saakaSvilis vizitis dros, rumineTis maSindel premier-ministrTan, adrian nastasesTan am sakiTxze moxda SeTanxmeba. Tumca, samwuxarod, dRemde am mimarTebiT mainc araferi ar gakeTebula.
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2005 wlis dasawyisSi Cveni sazogadoebis ofisSi movida zemoxsenebul sofel udis RvTis-mSoblis miZinebis saxelobis taZris winamZRvari, dekanozi timoTe (CilaSvili), romelmac gvam-cno, rom mis mrevlSi Taobidan Taobas gadaecemoda cnoba, TiTqos anTimoz iverieli warmoSob-iT swored sofel udidan ariso. gvarad igi yofila xurciZe, anu mesx TavadTa sagvareulos mi-ekuTvnebodao da savaraudod TurqTa erT-erTi Semosevis dros gautacniaT. Cven friad sayurad-Rebod CavTvaleT es informacia, vinaidan, manamde, Tundac aseve zepirad Semonaxuli raime cno-bac ki wm. anTim iverielis konkretuli dasaxlebuli punqtis mkvidrad moxseniebis Taobaze, ar gagvigia. miT umetes, rom CvenTvis cnobili iyo gamoCenili qarTveli poetis da sazogado moR-vawis, giorgi leoniZis mosazreba, romelic man 1951 wels Jurnal “droSis” #2-Si gamoaqveyna: “misi (anTimoz iverielis) motacebis xana emTxveva Sahnavazis (vaxtang V) da arCilis mefobis pirvel wlebs. maSin aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi SedarebiT mSvidobianoba iyo, araviTari omebi da Tavdasxmebi im xanad ar yofila. sul sxva iyo samcxe-saaTabago, romelic usaSineles awiokebas ganicdida osmaloTagan. amitom SesaZloa anTimi ufro mesxeTidan iyo warmoSobiT da iqidanve motacebuli”.
Semdgom Sexvedraze me mivawode mama timoTes aseTi idea. raki dResdReobiT saqarTveloSi arcerTi qalaqi Tu sofeli ar acxadebs pretenzias wmida anTim iverielis warmomavlobaze, mig-veRo xsenebuli versia savaraudod, sakmaod didi albaTobiT (Tumca ara mecnierulad dadastur-ebul faqtad) da SegveTavazebina sofel udis da axlomdebare soflebis mosaxleobisaTvis axa-li saxalxo-saeklesio dResaswaulis “anTimozobis” daweseba. mxolod mosaxleobis didi umrav-lesobis Tanxmobis Semdeg ki migvemarTa saqarTvelos sapatriarqosaTvis, regionaluri da raio-nuli xelisuflebisa da rumineTis saelCosaTvis am wamowyebis Taobaze locva-kurTxevis da mxardaWeris misaRebad. mama timoTe Tavidanve didi enTuziazmiT moekida am ideis xorcSesxmas. rasakvirvelia iyo bevri siZneleebi, skepticizmi, rogorc mrevlis erT nawilSi, aseve TviT Cve-ni sazogadoebis wevrTa Soris da rumineTis elCis mxridanac, ki romelsac ar sjeroda, rom SevZlebdiT marTlac masobrivi dResaswaulis tradiciis damkvidrebas. Tumca dRes ukve SeiZle-ba iTqvas, rom sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II da axalcixis, tao-klarjeTisa da lazeTis mitropolitis, meufe Teodores locva-kurTxeviT da TanadgomiT, regionis gubernatoris, raionisa da soflis sakrebuloebis da gamgeblebis mxar-daWeriT da mosaxleobis gulmxurvale mondomebiT, “anTimozoba” dafuZnda marTlac, rom saero-saeklesio yovelwliuri dResaswaulis saxiT. rac Seexeba sakiTxs, Tu ratom tardeba igi saxe-ldobr 26 ivniss. anTim iverieli rumineTis marTlmadidebelma eklesiam wmindanad Seracxa 1992 wlis 27 seqtembers. amasTan es TariRi daawesa rumineTSi misi moxseniebis dRed, rac dakavSire-bulia 1716 wlis 27 seqtembers anTim iverielis mowamebrivad aRsrulebasTan. Cvenma wmida sino-dma kanonizeba gaukeTa ra wmindanad Seracxvis aqts, saqarTvelos marTlmadideblur eklesiaSi wmida anTimoz iverielis moxseniebis dRed daawesa 26 ivnisi. rodesac Cven, rumineTis elCTan baton k. girbeasTan erTad veaxeliT mis uwmidesobas “anTimozobis” dResaswaulis dawesebisaT-vis Tanxmobisa da locva-kurTxevis misaRebad, vTxoveT, neba daerTo TariRad agverCia 27 seqte-mberi, magram patriarqma brZana, rom igi erTpirovnulad ver Secvlida wmida sinodis gadawyve-tilebas.
ase da amrigad dafuZnda axali dResaswauli “anTimozoba” da pirvelad igi Catarda 2005 wels meufe Teodores, qvemo svaneTis da leCxumis episkoposis, meufe stefanes (kalaijiSvili), regionaSi arsebuli marTlmadidebluri eklesia-monastrebis winamZRvrebis, rumineTis elCis, Tbilisis wmida anTim iverielis saxelobis #166-e sajaro skolis administraciis, Cveni sazo-gadoebis gamgeobis wevrTa, adigenisa da udis gamgeblebis da marTlmadidebeli mrevlis monawi-leobiT. momdevno wlebSi ki am RonisZiebam miiRo WeSmaritad saxalxo-saeklesio dResaswaulis xasiaTi, vinaidan am dRes aRevlineba ara marto wirva-locva wmida anTim iverielis saxelze, aramed tardeba SesaniSnavi sazeimo koncertebi, rogorc adgilobrivi skolebis moswavleTa da pedagogTa, aseve axalcixidan Tu Tbilisidan specialurad Casul profesional xelovanTa Zale-biT. imarTeba saxalxo seirnoba da bolos, rogorc wesi, yvelaferi mTavrdeba sazeimo trapez-iT. unda aRiniSnos, rom sofel udidan 5-6 kilometrSi, TurqeTTan sazRvris siaxloves mdeba-reobs xalxis mier saswaulmoqmedad Seracxuli buzmareTis eklesia. igi savaraudod VI-VII sau-
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kuneSia agebuli da momcro zomisaa. es eklesia udeli qvelmoqmedi Zmebis merabiSvilebis mondo-mebiT restavrirebulia da mis garSemo ulamazes adgilas, tyeSi mimdinareobs wmida anTimoz iverielis saxelobis samonastro kompleqsis mSenebloba. rogorc wesi “anTimozobis” programaSi Sedis am eklesiaSi sazeimo paraklisis gamarTva, magram wels Zlieri wvimis gamo ver moxerxda iqamde misvla.
oriode sityviT SevCerdebi wlevandel “anTimozobaze”, romelSiac mTlianobaSi monawileoba miiRo aTasamde stumar-maspinZelma. Cemi TxovniT Tbilisidan wamobrZandnen megobari litvis res-publikis sagangebo da sruluflebiani elCi, batoni meCis laurinkusi da Cveni saxelovani mwer-ali, rusTavelis premiis laureati, batoni revaz miSvelaZe. baTumidan sagangebod Camovida iq mivlinebaSi myofi rumineTis amJamindeli elCi saqarTveloSi, doqtori dan mihai barliba.
sazeimo koncertze gansakuTrebiT gagvaxares udelma patarebma, udis #1 da wmida anTim ive-rielis saxelobis udis #2 sajaro skolebis dawyebiTi klasebis moswavleebma, iseve rogorc ufrosklaselebma. rogorc koncertis dasasruls, aseve sazeimo trapezis dros Tavisi omaxiani sitya warmosTqva mweralma revaz miSvelaZe. SesaniSnavi gamosvlebi hqonda rumineTis elCs, bat-on barlibas.
Cemi werilis meore nawilSi minda mxolod ramodenime mokle cnoba mivawodo mkiTxvels TviT wmida anTim iverielis Sesaxeb. rogorc irkveva, axalgazrdobaSi anTim iveriels Tavisi drois kvalobaze Rrma da safuZvliani ganaTleba miuRia da sruliad saqarTveloc hqonia Semovlili. igi kargad gacnobia sxvadasxva kuTxis xuroTmoZRvrul qmnilebebs. amaze metyvelebs rumineli mkvlevarebis konstantinesku-iaSis, ion nanus da sxvaTa gamonaTqvamebi, rom anTim iverielma rum-inul taZarTa restavraciis Tu axalTa mSeneblobis dros gamoiyena beTaniis, nikorwmidis, iSxa-nis da mcxeTis monastrebis dekoratiuli formebi da ornamentebio.
ucnobia Tu rogor moxvda axalgazrda anTimi tyveobaSi. zogierTi cnobiT, tyveobidan igi ierusalimis patriarqma dosiTeosma gamoisyida. sapatriarqoSi yofnis periodi man Tavis ganaTl-ebis da ostatobis srulyofas moaxmara. ukve saxelganTqmuli mxatvari, gravirebis ostati da kaligrafosi, daaxloebiT 1689-1690 wlebSi, vlaxeTis (dRevandeli rumineTis centraluri naw-ili) didi mTavris, konstantine brinkovianus miwveviT vlaxeTs gaemgzavra. miwvevis mizezi ki unda yofiliyo brinkovianusa da berZnuli sapatriarqos SeTanxmeba vlaxeTSi daefuZnebinaT sta-mba, sadac SesaZlebeli gaxdeboda sapatriarqosaTvis berZnul enaze wignebis beWdva, radgan kon-stantinopolSi, jer kidev 1633 wels, Turqebma gaanadgures berZnuli stamba.
vlaxeTSi Casvlis Semdeg anTim iverielma sastambo saqme im droisaTvis umaRles doneze aiyva-na da daaarsa 4 stamba, sadac wignebi ibeWdeboda sxvadasxva enaze: berZnulad, ruminulad, Zvel-slavurad, Turqulad da arabulad. am enebs igi Tavad ukve flobda brwyinvaled. ise, rom sam-Soblodan mowyvetili qarTvelis wyalobiT “vlaxeTi gadaiqca centrad, romelic mTel saqris-tiano aRmosavleTs wignebiT kvebavda” (m. roleri).
garda aRniSnulisa, anTim iverielis ZalisxmeviT, pirveli qarTuli erovnuli stamba daarsda TbilisSi, xolo pirveli arabuli stamba – siriaSi, qalaq halabSi. 26 wlis manZilze misi uSualo monawileobiT Tu meTvalyureobiT vlaxeTSi daibeWda 75 dasaxelebis wigni. maTgan 4 wigni TviT anTim iverielis mieraa dawerili, 10 wigns daurTo winasityvaoba, 5 wignisaTvis Se-Txza leqsebi, 6 Targmna berZnulidan. SinaarsiT es wignebi sul sxvadasxva xasiaTisa iyo. sko-lebis saWiroebisTvis ibeWdeboda wignebi mecnierebis sxvadasxva dargSi: istoriaSi, literatu-raSi, bunebismetyvelebaSi, filosofiaSi; eklesiisaTvis – saRvTismetyvelo wignebi; xalxs rom daintereseba da siyvaruli gasCenoda wignis kiTxvisadmi, anTim iverielma Targmna da dabeWda fantastikuri Janris romani aleqsandre makedonelis Sesaxeb – “aleqsandria” da sxv.
cxadia, ruminuli saeklesio da saliteraturo enis ganviTarebas didi stimuli misca am enaze wignebis beWvdam. anTim iverieli vlaxeTSi Casvlidan 5_6 wlis Semdeg ise srulyofilad daeu-fla ruminul enas, rom “saxarebis” da sxva saliturgio wignebis berZnulidan Targmnis Tu ru-minul enaze originaluri nawarmoebebis Seqmnis procesSi man SesZlo daezRvia ruminuli ena yo-velgvari damaxinjebebisagan, gaewminda ucxo sityvebis da gamoTqmebisagan, daeaxloebina salapara-ko, xalxuri enisaTvis da gasagebi gaexada mosaxleobisaTvis. amiT man daimkvidra ruminuli enis erT-erTi udidesi reformatoris saxeli. didi mniSvneloba hqonda imas, rom anTim iverieli
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sxvadasxva xasiaTis literaturas beWdavda ara marto ruminul enaze, aramed berZnul, Zvelsl-avur, Turqul da arabul enebze da avrcelebda mezobel qveynebSi, praqtikulad, mTels marTl-madideblur saqristianoSi, sadac im dros sxva nabeWdi produqcia ar iyo xelmisawvdomi. amiT ki man daimkvidra Tavisi drois udidesi saerTaSoriso ganmanaTleblis saxeli.
anTim iverieli, rogorc ubadlo xuroTmoZRvari da arqiteqtori, eweoda did aRmSeneblobiT moRvaweobas. xolo rogorc brwyinvale fermweri, moqandake, graviori Tu xeze Wris ostati, mxatvrul–SemoqmedebiT moRvaweobas. 1708 wlidan, rodesac vlaxeTis umaRles sasuliero pirad – mitropolitad airCies, 1716 wlamde, misi uSualo monawileobiT agebuli an aRdgenili, moxa-tuli da moCuqurTmebuli iyo ocze meti eklesia-monasteri. maTgan gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia “yovelTa wmidaTa monasteri”, romelic aRiarebulia “epoqis yvelaze RirsSesaniSnav Zeglad” da xalxi, siyvaruliT, “anTimis monasters” uwodebs dResac.
anTim iverieli, miuxedavad sasuliero wodebisa, udidesi politikuri moRvawec iyo. mis po-litikur moRvaweobaSi ki mTavari iyo brZola vlaxeTis gasaTavisufleblad ucxoel dampyrobe-lTagan. swored es gaxda mizezi 1716 wlis 27 seqtembers misi mowamebrivad aRsrulebisa, rode-sac Turqma dampyroblebma gansakuTrebuli sisastikiT dasajes igi sikvdiliT.
wmida anTim iverielma datova udidesi SemoqmedebiTi memkvidreoba. misi qadagebani Tu filoso-fiuri traqtatebi dResac rumineli mecnierebis Seswavlis sagania. momavlis saqmea maTi Targmna da gamocema sxva enebzec, upirveles yovlisa ki, qarTul enaze.
erTi rumineli istorikosis sityvebiT: “ramdenjerac daxedavs mze rumineTis miwas, imdenjer rumineli xalxi siyvaruliTa da pativiscemiT gaixsenebs anTim iveriels, romelmac dasdo saZir-kvlis qva rumineTis erovnuli kulturis balavarSi da ukanasknel amosunTqvamde ibrZoda misi TavisuflebisaTvis”.
albaT Zneli iqneba ufro lamazad da Rirseulad Seafaso am didi pirovnebis mowamebrivi cxovreba da Rvawli.

wmida anTim iverielis rumineT-saqarTvelos megobrobis sazogadoebis Tavmjdomare
Teimuraz ruxaZe.